Genetic differentiation and signatures of local adaptation revealed by RADseq for a highly dispersive mud crab Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) in the Sulu Sea

Connectivity of marine populations is shaped by complex interactions between biological and physical processes across the seascape. The influence of environmental features on the genetic structure of populations has key implications for the dynamics and persistence of populations, and an understanding of spatial scales and patterns of connectivity is crucial for management and conservation. This study employed a seascape genomics approach combining larval dispersal modeling and population genomic analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from RADseq to examine environmental factors influencing patterns of genetic structure and connectivity for a highly dispersive mud crab Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) in the Sulu Sea. Dispersal simulations reveal widespread but asymmetric larval dispersal influenced by persistent southward and westward surface circulation features in the Sulu Sea. Despite potential for widespread dispersal across the Sulu Sea, significant genetic differentiation was detected among eight populations based on 1,655 SNPs (F_ST = 0.0057, p < .001) and a subset of 1,643 putatively neutral SNP markers (F_ST = 0.0042, p < .001). Oceanography influences genetic structure, with redundancy analysis (RDA) indicating significant contribution of asymmetric ocean currents to neutral genetic variation (Radj2 = 0.133, p = .035). Genetic structure may also reflect demographic factors, with divergent populations characterized by low effective population sizes (N _e < 50). Pronounced latitudinal genetic structure was recovered for loci putatively under selection (F_ST = 0.2390, p < .001), significantly correlated with sea surface temperature variabilities during peak spawning months for S. olivacea (Radj2 = 0.692–0.763; p < .050), suggesting putative signatures of selection and local adaptation to thermal clines. While oceanography and dispersal ability likely shape patterns of gene flow and genetic structure of S. olivacea across the Sulu Sea, the impacts of genetic drift and natural selection influenced by sea surface temperature also appear as likely drivers of population genetic structure. This study contributes to the growing body of literature documenting population genetic structure and local adaptation for highly dispersive marine species, and provides information useful for spatial management of the fishery resource.     

Recreational boating: a large unregulated vector transporting marine invasive species

Aim Recreational boating is arguably the largest unregulated vector for the introduction and spread of marine invasive species. Hull fouling communities have been recognized to harbour non‐indigenous species (NIS), but presence should not be equated with transport. In this study, we characterize the presence of NIS in hull fouling communities, determine if host vessels transport these species and evaluate the importance of recreational boating as a vector for introduction and spread. Location Coastal British Columbia (BC), Canada. Methods Dive surveys in BC marinas were conducted to record the presence of NIS and to estimate their per cent cover. In addition, a boater questionnaire survey was used to determine common travel and maintenance practices. These results were combined to investigate the potential for recreational boats to transport NIS. Results Nine NIS, including the highly invasive ascidians Styela clava and Botrylloides violaceus, and the macroalga Sargassum muticum, were found in hull fouling communities on recreational boats. Overall, per cent cover was generally low; however, niche areas were commonly fouled, even on active and otherwise clean boats. Fouling of niche areas was not related to either antifouling paint age or travel frequency, and fouling levels were highly variable among individual boats both within marinas and across regions. Main conclusions Recreational boating is a major vector contributing to the spread of marine invasive species. Our results indicate that recreational boats represent a high‐risk vector both for primary introduction and secondary spread of marine NIS and should be subject to vector management regulations.     

渔山岛岩石相潮间带大型底栖动物物种多样性

为系统研究渔山岛潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构与生物多样性,作者于2009年3月至2010年1月在该岛潮间带布设5条断面进行了4个季节的取样,调查大型底栖动物种类组成、生物量和丰度,并分析了多样性状况.结果显示:共鉴定出大型底栖动物100种;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、Ma...     

中国海洋渔业水域环境研究现状及展望

渔业水域环境是水生生物赖以生存、繁衍的最基本条件,优良的渔业水域环境是海洋渔业持续发展的物质载体与必然条件。近年来中国海洋渔业水域环境状况日趋严峻,依据海洋渔业水域监测数据,分析了中国海洋渔业水域环境的现状;概括了中国海洋渔业水域环境面临的主要问题及破坏原因;综述了海洋渔业水域环境保护及修复对策的研究现状,并对今后的研究工作提出了方向与内容上的展望。     

不同海水浓度和培养时间对海洋真菌抗菌活性的影响

用滤纸片琼脂扩散法研究不同海水浓度和培养时间对海洋真菌抗菌活性的影响,旨在为大规模培养海洋真菌和提高获得抗菌物质的几率提供理论依据。结果显示：用不同海水浓度培养基发酵海洋真菌,在供试的10株海洋真菌中,5株海洋真菌的抗菌活性和抗菌谱有明显差异;培养时间不同,6株海洋真菌的抗菌活性差别较大。实验结果表明,不同海水浓度和培养时间对海洋真菌抗菌活性有显著影响。     

海洋沉积物来源链霉菌属次生代谢产物及其生物活性研究进展

海洋沉积物是营养较为丰富的微生物栖息地,近年来从海洋沉积物中分离培养出了大量海洋链霉菌,从中还发现了一些新的属种。人们已从海洋沉积物来源链霉菌属中发现了许多具有药用价值的活性化合物,有力推动了海洋天然产物化学的发展,并为新药研发提供基础。本文就海洋沉积物来源链霉菌属次生代谢产物的结构类型及其生物活性进行简要综述。     

山东近海生态资本价值评估——近海生物资源现存量价值

海洋生态资本是沿海地区社会经济活动的重要生产要素,海洋生物资源是海洋生态资本的关键构成要素之一。采用《海洋生态资本评估技术导则》中的方法,评估了山东近海生物资源现存量价值。结果表明,2006年山东近海生物资源现存量为100.20万吨,价值184.45亿元。生物资源以鱼类资源为主,资源量为76.50万吨,价值约131.73亿元,占全省近海生物资源总价值的71.4%;甲壳类资源量为13.98万吨,价值38.88亿元,占总价值的21.1%;头足类资源量为3.52万吨,价值4.47亿元,占总价值的2.4%;其他类海蜇资源量为6.46万吨,价值9.37亿元,占总价值的5.1%。全省近海生物资源现存量价值平均为58.4万元/km²。山东近海生物资源存量价值与近海供给服务价值、气候调节服务价值和物种多样性维持服务价值之间表现出互相促进的关系。本研究结果有助于提高人们对海洋生物资源重要性的认识,为海洋生物资源的可持续利用提供决策依据。